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Composition, designations, selection

Material Grades

304L, 316L, 321 and the alloys above them — with the cross-standard map and the reasoning for choosing between them.

A corrugated hose wall is cold-worked hard during forming, so the material has to take a great deal of deformation without cracking. That requirement, more than corrosion resistance, is why austenitic stainless dominates this industry.

Grades we work in

Two grades are held in stock. Everything else is made to order, which is normal here rather than exceptional, and it does not usually add much to the lead time.

GradeUNSDIN / ENComposition (principal)Temperature rangeWhat it is for
■ AISI 304LS304031.4307Cr 17.5–19.5 % · Ni 8–12 % · C ≤ 0.03 %−196 / +450 °CGeneral industrial, cryogenic, excellent weldability
■ AISI 316LS316031.4404Cr 16.5–18.5 % · Ni 10–13 % · Mo 2–2.5 % · C ≤ 0.03 %−196 / +450 °CChemical, marine, aggressive media — Mo for pitting resistance
AISI 321S321001.4541Cr 17–19 % · Ni 9–12 % · Ti-stabilised−196 / +550 °CHigh temperature, steam, thermal cycling above 400 °C — to order
AISI 904LN089041.4539Cr 19–21 % · Ni 24–26 % · Mo 4–5 % · Cu 1.2–2 %−60 / +400 °CUltra-corrosive service, concentrated acids — to order
Super duplex S32750S327501.4410Cr 24–26 % · Ni 6–8 % · Mo 3–5 % · N 0.24–0.32 %−50 / +250 °COil and gas, seawater, high-strength thin wall — to order
Alloy 625 (UNS N06625)N066252.4856Ni ≥ 58 % · Cr 20–23 % · Mo 8–10 % · Nb 3.15–4.15 %−196 / +980 °CExtreme heat, aggressive chemical — to order
Alloy 825 (UNS N08825)N088252.4858Ni 38–46 % · Cr 19.5–23.5 % · Mo 2.5–3.5 % · Cu 1.5–3 % · Ti 0.6–1.2 %−196 / +450 °CReducing acids, hydrogen environments — to order
■ = held in stock. EWPL Catalogue 2026, Section 15.

Those are alloy service ranges. What an assembly can actually hold at temperature comes from the derating table, and on a bellows from the order-specific calculation.

There are two temperature limits, not one. The figures above are where the metal loses strength. There is a second, lower limit where sustained exposure starts precipitating chromium carbides at the grain boundaries and the material becomes vulnerable to intergranular attack. That band is 450–850 °C, the same figure used on the failure-modes and compatibility pages. The L grades are low-carbon precisely to resist it, and it only matters in a corrosive medium — in clean steam or dry gas it does not — but if you are running 304L or 316L in that band with chlorides or acids about, tell us. SS 321 is titanium-stabilised specifically to solve this, which is why it is the answer above 450 °C.

Choosing by temperature

The stocked grades cover −196 °C to +450 °C. From 450 to 550 °C we derate and review the job with you. Above 550 °C it is SS 321 or Alloy 625 (UNS N06625), to order.

Choosing between them

GradeChoose it whenAvoid it when
304LGeneral industrial duty, water, steam, non-corrosive media, cost mattersChlorides present; marine or coastal; halide acids
316LChemical, pharmaceutical, marine, food; anywhere chlorides are possibleHydrochloric acid, wet chlorine — molybdenum does not save it
321Sustained service above 450 °C; thermal cycling in the sensitisation rangeCost-sensitive ambient duty — you are paying for stabilisation you will not use
904LSulphuric and phosphoric acid; higher chloride resistance than 316LBudget-driven work — specify only where 316L is genuinely inadequate
Alloy 625 (UNS N06625)High temperature with strength; aggressive chloride and acidWhere 316L or 321 would do — the cost multiple is large
Why 321 for hot service. Titanium in 321 preferentially forms carbides, leaving chromium in solution where it is needed to maintain the passive layer. That is what stops the intergranular attack that limits 304L and 316L in the 450–850 °C band. It is not a marketing grade; it is a specific metallurgical fix for a specific problem.
Braid coverage — the share of hose surface actually under wire.
Fig. 1 Braid coverage — the share of hose surface actually under wire.

Braid material

Braid is usually SS 304, because the braid is a mechanical element rather than a wetted one and 304 has the right combination of strength and formability. Where the braid is exposed to the same aggressive atmosphere or medium as the bore — a coastal installation, a chemical bund, an assembly that gets splashed — specify 316L braid. Bronze braid is used in HVAC and marine duty; Alloy 400 (UNS N04400) braid where chlorine or saltwater contact is likely.

Documentation

Every pressure-retaining component is traceable to a mill test certificate. We issue EN 10204 3.1 certification on request, and positive material identification can be carried out on the finished assembly where the project requires it. Ask at enquiry rather than after despatch.

Tell us about the job. We will work out what it needs.

Send the medium, pressure, temperature, movement and end connections — or just describe the problem. You get back a specified assembly and a drawing, and a price once the specification is settled.

Talk to an engineer  What we need to quote